There are even cases of solitary male western chimpanzees, while in any other population, a chimpanzee couldn't survive alone. Paternity tests indicate males frequently mate with females from several different communities, siring infants from them. While it was traditionally accepted that only female chimpanzees immigrate and males remain in their natal troop for life, Western Chimpanzees uniquely exhibit female and male immigration between groups, suggesting males are less territorial and more willing to accept unfamiliar males.
Female West African chimpanzees have been observed hunting and accompany males on territorial patrols, playing a more important role in social dynamics than other chimpanzee subspecies. įemale west African chimpanzees are quite gregarious and often support one another in conflicts with males, resulting in a more gender-balanced hierarchy than that of the rigidly patriarchal east african chimpanzees. They also submerge themselves in water and play in it to stay cool in the oppressive heat. They make wooden spears to hunt other primates, use caves as homes, share plant foods with each other, and travel and forage during the night. Western chimpanzees engage in an unusual rock-throwing behaviour, throwing large rocks into hollow tree stumps or just against trees, presumably as some sort of primitive ritual or perhaps an early form of competitive sport. In fact, their behaviour is so diverged from that of their fellow subspecies of chimpanzee that it has been proposed West African chimpanzees may be a distinct species in their own right. Western chimpanzees have unique behaviors never observed in any of the other subspecies of the chimpanzee.
Adult, adolescent, and juvenile females are slightly more likely to hunt with tools than males of the same age group. Both will occasionally hunt bushbucks, preferring fawns, when given the chance. While males will prey more on monkeys, such as green monkeys (27%) and Guinea baboons (18%), only males were observed to hunt patas monkeys and only females were observed to hunt banded mongooses. In Fongoli, Senegal, Senegal bushbabies account for 75% of females' prey and 47% of the males'. Male and female western chimpanzees differ in their prey.
Behavior Ī western chimpanzee using a wooden spear to hunt a Senegal bush-baby inside the branch, as his adolescent brother observes. The subspecies is extinct in the wild in the Gambia, and possibly Benin, Burkina Faso, and Togo. Relict populations live in Ghana, Senegal, and Mali. Other populations survive in Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Guinea-Bissau. Today, the largest populations are found in Côte d'Ivoire and in Guinea. The population of the western chimpanzee once spanned from southern Senegal all the way east to the Niger River.
Western chimpanzees are the most genetically differentiated and homozygous subspecies of the common chimpanzee. ellioti between 0.4 and 0.6 million years ago (mya) and with P. The western chimpanzee last shared a common ancestor with P. ellioti), and the eastern chimpanzee ( P. troglodytes), the Nigeria-Cameroon chimpanzee ( P. verus) is a subspecies of the common chimpanzee ( Pan troglodytes), along with the central chimpanzee ( P. Verus is Latin for 'true', and was given to this subspecies in 1934 by Ernst Schwarz, who originally named it as Pan satyrus verus. The species name troglodytes is Greek for 'cave-dweller', and was coined by Johann Friedrich Blumenbach in his Handbuch der Naturgeschichte ( Handbook of Natural History) published in 1779. The taxonomical genus Pan is derived from the Greek god of fields, groves, and wooded glens, Pan.
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